بوراتينو
بوراتينو ( بالروسية : Буратино ) هو الشخصية الرئيسية في رواية أليكسي نيكولايفيتش تولستوي الخيالية "المفتاح الذهبي، أو مغامرات بوراتينو " الصادرة عام 1936 ، والمستوحاة من رواية " مغامرات بينوكيو" الإيطالية لكارلو كولودي الصادرة عام 1883. [ 1 ] نشأت شخصية بوراتينو في الأصل كإحدى شخصيات الكوميديا الإيطالية (كوميديا ديلارتي) . يُشتق اسم بوراتينو من الكلمة الإيطالية "بوراتينو " التي تعني "دمية خشبية" أو "دمية". [ 2 ] نُشر الكتاب عام 1936، وسرعان ما اكتسبت شخصية بوراتينو شعبيةً هائلةً بين الأطفال في الاتحاد السوفيتي ، ولا تزال كذلك في روسيا حتى يومنا هذا (يُعد بوراتينو من أشهر شخصيات أدب الأطفال الروسي ). وقد تم تحويل القصة إلى عدة أفلام، منها فيلم الرسوم المتحركة عام 1959 وفيلم الحركة الحية عام 1975 .
أصل
بحسب تولستوي، فقد قرأ بينوكيو في طفولته، لكنه فقد الكتاب، فبدأ بإعادة تخيله بعد سنوات عديدة في محاولة منه لابتكار سلسلة من القصص قبل النوم لأطفاله. وقد أثبتت القصة الناتجة أنها فريدة من نوعها، ونالت إعجاب أطفال المؤلف، فقرر تدوينها ونشرها. إلا أن بعض الباحثين لا يميلون إلى اعتبار هذا التفسير مقنعًا، إذ لم تظهر أول ترجمة روسية لبينوكيو إلا عندما كان تولستوي في منتصف العشرينات من عمره؛ بينما يعتقد آخرون أنه ربما يكون قد اطلع على بينوكيو في سياق لغة أخرى. ويذكر ميرون بيتروفسكي، في مقالته حول هذا الموضوع، أن الكتاب استند إلى ترجمة عام 1924 التي أنجزتها نينا بتروفسكايا (1879-1928) وحررها تولستوي، الذي كان قد حذف بالفعل العديد من العناصر الغائبة في رواية "المفتاح الذهبي" . [ 3 ]
حبكة
مثل بينوكيو ، بوراتينو دمية خشبية طويلة الأنف. تقول القصة إن بابا كارلو (نسخة القصة من جيبتو ) نحته من جذع شجرة، ثم دبت فيه الحياة فجأة. عند صنعه، كان أنف بوراتينو طويلاً بسبب سوء صنعة بابا كارلو. حاول بابا كارلو تقصير أنفه، لكن بوراتينو قاوم.
Papa Carlo then sells his only good jacket in order to buy textbooks for Buratino and sends him to school. However, the boy becomes distracted by an advertisement for a local puppet-theater show, and sells his textbooks to buy a ticket to the performance. There he befriends other puppets, but the evil puppet-master Karabas Barabas (Russian: Караба́с-Бараба́с, the story's Mangiafuoco character), wants to destroy Buratino for disrupting the show.
Karabas Barabas releases Buratino after he learns that Papa Carlo's home contains a secret door for which Karabas has been searching. A Golden Key that Karabas once possessed, but later lost, opens this secret door. Karabas releases Buratino and even gives him five gold coins, asking only that Buratino watch after his father's home and make sure they do not move.
The story proceeds to tell of Buratino and his friends' hunt for the Golden Key and their struggle against the evil Karabas, his loyal friend Duremar, and a couple of crooks: Alice the Fox and Basilio the Cat (based on The Fox and the Cat), who are after Buratino's coins. After that, the events proceed similarly (although not identically) to Collodi's Pinocchio until the scene where the coins are stolen, after which the plots diverge completely.
Deviations from Collodi's story
- The Fairy with Turquoise Hair is in Tolstoy's version another puppet from Karabas's theatre, named Malvina. She retains the blue colour of her hair, her poodle servant (called Artemon by Tolstoy) and her function of saving Buratino from the Fox and the Cat who hanged him on a tree. To explain her presence in the forest, it is stated that she had escaped from the theatre earlier. She is represented as somewhat overprotective and less likable than Collodi's Fairy, yet she finally befriends Buratino.
- The character of Pierrot is introduced. He is in love with Malvina. Pierrot is represented as an archetypal poet (his poems are actually cited).
- Tolstoy omits most details which in the 20th century would be considered too gruesome or too moralistic, such as: Pinocchio having burned his feet; black rabbits pretending to be about to bury him; the whole Land of Toys subplot; the terrible dogfish swallowing Pinocchio and his father, etc.
- Unlike Pinocchio in the original story, Buratino never becomes a real human. Quite the contrary, he is rewarded for not following the rules of what is assumed to be right behaviour (although he attempts to kill the Cricket and sells the book Papa Carlo sold his jacket for to see the puppet show, Buratino is more heroic) and being nonconformist. In the finale, we see him playing in a new puppet theater of Carlo's.
- Buratino's nose does not grow when he lies.
In popular culture
The name Buratino has been and continues to be used as branding for a variety of products and stores marketed to children in Russia and the post-Soviet states — most notable of these are the Buratino brand soft drink, which has a caramel taste, and "Golden Key" (Zolotoy klyuchik) toffee.[4]
Buratino is also the nickname of the TOS-1 multiple launch rocket system, due to the big "nose" of the launcher.[5]
A location in the story, The Field of Wonders (in the Land of Fools) (Поле чудес (в Стране Дураков)), is the title of the Russian adaptation of the Wheel of Fortune game show.[6]
References
- ↑Soyuzmultfilm (1959), Pinocchio & The Golden Key (The Adventures of Buratino), retrieved 1 November 2022
- ↑"burattino translation in English | Italian-English dictionary | Reverso". dictionary.reverso.net.
- ↑Что отпирает "Золотой ключик", Мирон Петровский
- ↑"Chernogolovka Carbonated Drink Pinocchio 0.5L - Aqualife, Russia". ruskiwaydeli.com.au. Retrieved 1 November 2022.
- ↑Administrator. "TOS-1 Buratino heavy flame thrower 220mm rocket launcher data fact sheet | Russia Russian army vehicles system artillery UK | Russia Russian army military equipment vehicles UK". www.armyrecognition.com. Retrieved 1 November 2022.
- ↑"Wheel of Fortune in other languages". sci.lang.narkive.com. Retrieved 1 November 2022.
External links
- Buratino at sunbirds.com
- Internet Movie Database:
- 1939 film
- 1960 film
- 1975 film
- 2009 film
- 1998 television episode (same as 1960 film, but with American soundtrack and voices)
- The Golden Key (1939) on YouTube (English subtitles)
- Characters in 20th-century Russian novels
- Works based on The Adventures of Pinocchio
- Child characters in literature
- 1936 fantasy novels
