ناسامونيس

كان النسامونيون ( باليونانية القديمة : Νασαμῶνες ) ، الذين ذكرهم هيرودوت (حوالي 484-425 قبل الميلاد)، قبيلة بربرية بدوية سكنت المنطقة الساحلية لخليج سرت ، وارتحلت إلى الداخل حتى وصلت إلى واحة أوجيلا، حيث كان الرجال يعيشون حول نبع ماء ويهاجرون في مواسم محددة من كل عام. خلال فصل الصيف، كانوا يتركون قطعانهم على شاطئ البحر ويسافرون إلى أوجيلا لجمع التمور من أشجار النخيل التي كانت تنمو بوفرة. كما كانوا يصطادون الجراد ، الذي كانوا يجففونه في الشمس، ويطحنونه إلى مسحوق، ويرشونه على الحليب للشرب. ^{[ 1 ]} ويُعتقد أنهم كانوا من شعوب نوميديا . ^{[ 2 ] [ 3 ]}

استمدوا اسمهم من ناسامون (Νασάμων)، ابن أمفيثيميس والحورية تريتونيس . ^{[ 4 ]} مارسوا تعدد الزوجات . ^{[ 5 ]} مع ذلك، ووفقًا لـ WFG Lacroix، كان الناسامونيون رعاة أغنام. حدد بطليموس لاحقًا موقعهم حول سماح، وهي بلدة تقع بين زيلة وأوجيلة في ليبيا ، واقترح لاكروا أن اسمهم مشتق من هذا المكان، أي نا-سماح-نس . ^{[ 6 ]} سجل بليني الأكبر اسم ناسامونيس ، موضحًا أنه مشتق من مصطلح يعني "في وسط الرمال". ^{[ 7 ]}

According to Lacroix, the Nasamones were shepherds wandering about between the south-eastern coast of the Gulf of Sirte in the north, Zillah in the west, and Awilah in the east.^[6] There is no explicit mention that the Nasamones used war chariots drawn by four horses; however, according to Herodotus, the Hellenes (Greeks) learned the use of chariots from the Libyans, suggesting that the Nasamones may have also employed such vehicles.^[8] Moreover, archaeological and historical sources suggest that Libyan chariots—apart from those used by the Garamantes—appear to have been of primitive simplicity, showing little improvement in design or function compared to those of neighboring civilizations.^[9] They were known to attack and be defeated and killed by the Greek colonies in Cyrenaica. During the Peloponnesian War, the citizens of Euesperides received aid from the Spartan general Gylippus, who helped defend the town and defended it by defeating and killing the Nasomones from the Nasamone attack on his way to Sicily. Later, Pliny the Elder recounts that the Nasamones defeated the Psylli tribe in war, expelling them from the area and they lived with them in the same area later. They had been known to attack and burn ships although on a small scale.^[10]

The Roman emperor Augustus worked to pacify the Cyrenaican tribes and sent proconsul Publius Sulpicius Quirinus to govern Creta et Cyrenaica in 15 BCE and the Romans ruled the Nasamones. The Nasamones were ruled over by the Romans and remained autonomous in the Roman Empire. According to Cassius Dio, they rose up a century later in 85 CE when the Romans tried to extort money from them. They began trying to raid the coastal settlements again until they were pushed back to the interior by Gnaeus Suellius Flaccus and his forces when they defeated and killed them.

Later during Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages, the Nasamones became vassals of the Eastern Roman Empire. Procopius writes that the Nasamones remained pagan even after the 6th century when the emperor Justinian built a church for the Byzantines in Awjila.^[11]

It is unknown what became of the Nasamones after that period.

• Awjila
• برقة
• غارامانتس